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Boticas ((:buˈtikɐʃ)) is a municipality in northern Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,750,〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 in an area of 321.96 km².〔(Direção-Geral do Território )〕 ==History== One of the symbols of Boticas is the Galaico Warrior, a monolith anthropomorphic carved (found in the 17th century) in the castro of Lesenho, at an altitude of 1075 metres, under fields of the parish of São Salvador de Viveiro and municipality of Boticas, considered the most important Gallaecian castro in Portugal.〔António Pimenta de Castro (2002)〕 The Galaico (or ''"Castrejo"'') Warrior is an important example of Portuguese archaeology and represents, according several experts, the image of a deity and warrior of "castreja" civilisation that lived in this area of Portugal.〔 There were several castros (27) dating back to this early civilization, in addition to various Roman monuments.〔 Boticas has its origins in the Roman civitas ''Batocas'', that was centre of mining, and its ''Termas de Carvalhelhos'', thermal springs with (supposedly) rejuvenating ''miracle'' waters. Coins from the period of Emperor Constantino Ducas were also found in Covas de Barroso in 1880, in addition to vestiges in Poços das Freitas or the mines of Carvalhelhos, where Romans were known to have mined gold and silver. Waves of barbarians and Moorish invaders crossed the lands of Boticas during the Middle Ages (many of the local toponomic names reflect this period, such as Côto dos Mouros, Penedo dos Mouros, Estrada dos Mouros, Cova da Moura, Moura Encantada and Mouril).〔 The ''Barroso'' surname, which figures prominently in the history of the region, has its origin in the Terras de Barroso, in the Trás-os-Montes. Its first use, came from lineage of the ''Guedeões'' (taken from a tower in the locality of Sipiões), whose progeny would adopt and permeate the lands of Botica.〔Joaquim Garcia (1995), p.313〕〔Gabinete de Estudos Heráldicos e Genealógicos (1962), p.107〕〔António Machado de Faria (1987), p.88〕 King Afonso II tried to unite the lands of the Barrosos in 1273, but was unable.〔 It was Egas Gomes Barroso, son of Gomes Mendes Guedeão and his wife Chamôa Mendes de Sousa, both members of the nobility of Count Peter (son of King Denis of Portugal), who were grandchildren of Gueda "The Older". Egas, a rich man during the reigns of Kings Sancho II and Afonso III, went in 1247 (in the reign of the latter) to Seville to support King Ferdinand III ''"The Saint"'' in Castile. Egas' sons formed two distinct lineages: the ''Bastos'', descendants of his second son, Gomes Viegas de Basto; and the ''Barroso'', descendants of Gonçalo Viegas Barroso and Maria Fernandes de Lima. The Barrosos, were the predominant line, fixing themselves in Braga and Barcelos, becoming signeurs and administrators of the lands of the Trás-os-Montes. Afonso IV continued the process of uniting and defending the territory in 1331, constructing castles and walls around the castle of Montalegre.〔 King Ferdinand donated the lands to Rui Vasques Pereira in 1367, and later to Vasco Gonçalves Barroso.〔 The lands of Boticas changed hands frequently thereafter, until John I finally donated the lands to his friend Nuno Alvares Pereira: the territory would remain in the hands of the Duke of Braganza and their descendent.〔 With a resident population of over 6000 inhabitants in 2001, the municipality was only recently established. It was a creation during the Liberalist regimes of the 19th century, along with the great administrative reforms that developed after the second Liberal Revolution (1832).〔 The municipality of Boticas was legally and definitely established by a 6 November 1836 decree, with parishes de-annexed from the neighbouring municipalities of Chaves and Montalegre, along with the extinction of the municipality of Dornelas and the ancient lands of the Barroso nobility.〔 Other toponomic locations (such as the settlements of Alturas do Barroso and Covas do Barroso), administrative divisions and territory, which also extended to the municipality of Montalegre and the extinct municipality of Ruivães (now part of the municipality of Vieira do Minho), also corresponded to lands of the Barroso family. Boticas, already a central place, was, since the municipality was created, the municipal seat.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boticas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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